Overview
In 2019, the revolution successfully ousted former President Bashir and his government to pave the way for a transition and a new civilian-led government to take power in Sudan. The Sudan Constitutional Declaration August 2019 (Constitutional document) established a transitional period for Sudan, led by a Sovereign Council and a transitional (civilian) government headed by Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok. In addition, the Juba Peace Agreement (JPA), signed in October 2020, provided for the establishment of a Special Criminal Court for Darfur Crimes, the creation of Transitional Justice (TJ) and reconciliation mechanisms, and cooperation with the International Criminal Court (ICC) on Sudanese suspects indicted by the Court.
In September 2018, the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) adopted resolution 39/22 requesting the OHCHR and the Government of Sudan to agree on modalities and a mandate for establishing an OHCHR Sudan CO. In September 2019, OHCHR Sudan CO signed a Host Country Agreement (HCA) with the transitional Government. The OHCHR Sudan CO also set modalities up for the HCA to be ratified by the government, which is still pending today. OHCHR Sudan CO worked closely with the Human Rights Section of the United Nations - African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), which focused on protecting civilians in the Darfur region until their departure in December 2020.
On 4 June 2020, the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 2524 (2020), authorising the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS). In 2021, in line with UN Policy on Peacekeeping Missions, the OHCHR Sudan CO and the UNITAMS Office of Support to Civilian Protection (OSCP) took initial steps to integrate the work of the two offices, which is still being worked out and remains to be fully clarified. Following the military coup in Sudan on 25 October 2021, the High Commissioner for Human Rights appointed Mr Adama Dieng as a Designated Expert on human rights in Sudan, whose work was supported by the OHCHR Sudan CO.